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Forklift Starters and Alternators
Forklift Starters and Alternators - A starter motors today is usually a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor together with a starter solenoid installed on it. As soon as current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, mainly via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion which is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion utilizing the starter ring gear which is found on the flywheel of the engine.
The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, that begins to turn. When the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring inside the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This particular action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in only a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular way through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, for instance because the driver fails to release the key as soon as the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
This aforesaid action stops the engine from driving the starter. This is actually an important step since this particular type of back drive will enable the starter to spin really fast that it would fly apart. Unless modifications were done, the sprag clutch arrangement would preclude utilizing the starter as a generator if it was employed in the hybrid scheme discussed prior. Typically a regular starter motor is meant for intermittent utilization that will preclude it being used as a generator.
Hence, the electrical parts are intended to be able to work for more or less less than 30 seconds to be able to avoid overheating. The overheating results from too slow dissipation of heat because of ohmic losses. The electrical parts are meant to save weight and cost. This is the reason most owner's instruction manuals used for automobiles recommend the operator to stop for a minimum of 10 seconds after each ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine which does not turn over at once.
The overrunning-clutch pinion was launched onto the marked in the early 1960's. Previous to the 1960's, a Bendix drive was used. This particular drive system functions on a helically cut driveshaft which has a starter drive pinion placed on it. Once the starter motor starts spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to surpass the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.
In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was developed. The overrunning-clutch design which was made and introduced in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was an enhancement since the average Bendix drive utilized so as to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, even if it did not stay running.
When the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and next the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and permits the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, thus unwanted starter disengagement could be prevented prior to a successful engine start.
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